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  <title>开元寺</title>
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<div style="width:0;height:0;clear:both"></div><dl class="lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle-">
<dd class="lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle-title">
<h1>开元寺</h1>
<h2>（福建泉州开元寺）</h2>
</dd>
</dl><div class="promotion-declaration">
</div><div class="lemma-summary" label-module="lemmaSummary">
<div class="para" label-module="para">开元寺位于福建省<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E6%B3%89%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82">泉州市</a><a target="_blank" href="/item/%E9%B2%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%8C%BA">鲤城区</a>西街，是<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD/1122445" data-lemmaid="1122445">中国</a>东南沿海重要的文物古迹，也是<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E7%9C%81">福建省</a>内规模最大的<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99/163332" data-lemmaid="163332">佛教</a>寺院。该寺始创于唐初<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E5%9E%82%E6%8B%B1/6580610" data-lemmaid="6580610">垂拱</a>二年（686年），初名莲花道场，开元二十六年（738年）更名开元寺。现存主要庙宇系明、清两代修建，南北长260米，东西宽300米，占地面积78000平方米。<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="1-2" data-ctrmap=":1,:2,">
[1-2]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[1-2]_5732809">&nbsp;</a>
</div><div class="para" label-module="para">1982年，开元寺被列为第二批<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E9%87%8D%E7%82%B9%E6%96%87%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D">全国重点文物保护单位</a>。<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="3" data-ctrmap=":3,">
[3]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[3]_5732809">&nbsp;</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="configModuleBanner">
</div><div class="basic-info cmn-clearfix">
<dl class="basicInfo-block basicInfo-left">
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">中文名称</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
泉州开元寺
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">地理位置</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
福建省<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E6%B3%89%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82">泉州市</a>西街
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">气候类型</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
亚热带季风气候
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">占地面积</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
7.8万平方米
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">开放时间</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
08:00-17:30
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">景点级别</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
4A<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="4" data-ctrmap=":4,">
[4]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[4]_5732809">&nbsp;</a>
</dd>
</dl><dl class="basicInfo-block basicInfo-right">
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">门票价格</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
免费<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="4" data-ctrmap=":4,">
[4]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[4]_5732809">&nbsp;</a>
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">著名景点</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
东西塔
<br>大雄宝殿
<br>甘露戒坛
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">文物级别</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
第二批全国重点文物保护单位<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="3" data-ctrmap=":3,">
[3]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[3]_5732809">&nbsp;</a>
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">朝&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;代</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
宋至清
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">所属地区</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
中国华东
</dd>
</dl></div>
<div class="lemmaWgt-lemmaCatalog">
<div class="lemma-catalog">
<h2 class="block-title">目录</h2>
<div class="catalog-list column-3">
<ol>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">1</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#1">历史沿革</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">2</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#2">建筑格局</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">3</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#3">主要建筑</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#3_1">天王殿</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#3_2">藏经阁</a></span>
</li>
</ol><ol><li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#3_3">大雄宝殿</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#3_4">甘露戒坛</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#3_5">东西二塔</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#3_6">其他建筑</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">4</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#4">寺庙传说</a></span>
</li>
</ol><ol><li class="level1">
<span class="index">5</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#5">旅游贴士</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#5_1">地址</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#5_2">门票</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#5_3">公交</a></span>
</li>
</ol>

</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="anchor-list">
<a name="1" class="lemma-anchor para-title"></a>
<a name="sub5732809_1" class="lemma-anchor "></a>
<a name="历史沿革" class="lemma-anchor "></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">开元寺</span>历史沿革</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="1" href="javascript:;" style="display: block;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><a class="lemma-album layout-right nslog:10000206" title="开元寺实景" href="/pic/%E5%BC%80%E5%85%83%E5%AF%BA/2253283/16847562/9825bc315c6034a85f181498c913495409237634?fr=lemma&amp;ct=cover" target="_blank" style="width:222px;" nslog-type="10000206">
<div class="album-wrap" style="width:220px;height:153px;">
<img class="picture" alt="开元寺实景" src="https://gss1.bdstatic.com/9vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=90e40ef4a344ad342abf8085e0a30c08/9825bc315c6034a85f181498c913495409237634.jpg" style="width:220px;height:153px;">
</div>
<div class="description">
开元寺实景<span class="number">(14张)</span>
</div>
<div class="albumBg">
<div class="albumBgFir" style="width:214px;"></div>
<div class="albumBgSec" style="width:208px;"></div>
</div>
</a>
开元寺始建于唐<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E5%9E%82%E6%8B%B1">垂拱</a>二年（686年），传说泉州巨富<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E9%BB%84%E5%AE%88%E6%81%AD">黄守恭</a>梦见桑树长出莲花，遂舍桑园建寺，初名“莲花寺”。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">长寿元年（692年）改“兴教寺”，神龙元年（705年）又改“龙兴寺”。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">唐玄宗开元二十六年（738年）诏天下诸州各建一寺，以年号为名，遂改称开元寺。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><a target="_blank" href="/item/%E4%B9%BE%E5%AE%81">乾宁</a>四年（897年）<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E7%8E%8B%E5%AE%A1%E9%82%BD">王审邽</a>重建。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">南宋绍兴二十五年（1155年）被毁，寻重建。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">元代赐名“大开元万寿禅寺”。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">至正十七年（1357年）又被毁。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">明<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E6%B4%AA%E6%AD%A6">洪武</a>二十二年（1389年）僧惠远重建。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">永乐六年（1408年）扩建。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">万历二十二年（1594年）重修，<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E5%B4%87%E7%A5%AF">崇祯</a>十年（1637年）总兵<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E9%83%91%E8%8A%9D%E9%BE%99">郑芝龙</a>等重建大雄宝殿。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">民国初年（1911年），转道和尚任开元寺主持及慈儿院院长，转物和尚任开元寺监院，圆瑛法师任开元寺都监，共主修缮，改原时难全其功。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:163px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317" href="/pic/%E5%BC%80%E5%85%83%E5%AF%BA/2253283/0/4afbfbedab64034f38cf5df0a4c379310b551dc1?fr=lemma&amp;ct=single" target="_blank" title="" style="width:163px;height:220px;">
<img class="" src="https://gss0.bdstatic.com/94o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=913f1067c611728b342d8b20f8fdc3b3/4afbfbedab64034f38cf5df0a4c379310b551dc1.jpg" alt="" style="width:163px;height:220px;">
</a>
</div>1960年重修拜亭和大雄宝殿，。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1973年政府拨款重建东、西廊。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1989年后接受海外侨胞捐资，先后重修<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9B%84%E5%AE%9D%E6%AE%BF">大雄宝殿</a>、山门和准提禅院。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1962年福建省人民政府公布开元寺为省级重点文物保护单位。<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="1" data-ctrmap=":5,:1,">
[1]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[1]_5732809">&nbsp;</a>
<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="5" data-ctrmap=":5,:1,">
[5]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[5]_5732809">&nbsp;</a>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1982年被列为全国重点文物保护单位。<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="3" data-ctrmap=":3,">
[3]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[3]_5732809">&nbsp;</a>
</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="2" class="lemma-anchor para-title"></a>
<a name="sub5732809_2" class="lemma-anchor "></a>
<a name="建筑格局" class="lemma-anchor "></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">开元寺</span>建筑格局</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="2" href="javascript:;" style="display: block;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:220px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317" href="/pic/%E5%BC%80%E5%85%83%E5%AF%BA/2253283/0/03087bf40ad162d9c0b6b87f15dfa9ec8a13cd7d?fr=lemma&amp;ct=single" target="_blank" title="" style="width:220px;height:146px;">
<img class="" src="https://gss2.bdstatic.com/9fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=c9884437074f78f0840b9df149300a83/03087bf40ad162d9c0b6b87f15dfa9ec8a13cd7d.jpg" alt="" style="width:220px;height:146px;">
</a>
</div>开元寺布局，中轴线自南而北依次有：紫云屏、山门（<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E5%A4%A9%E7%8E%8B%E6%AE%BF/62222" data-lemmaid="62222">天王殿</a>）、拜亭、大雄宝殿、甘露戒坛、<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E8%97%8F%E7%BB%8F%E9%98%81/3009757" data-lemmaid="3009757">藏经阁</a>。东翼有檀越祠、<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E6%B3%89%E5%B7%9E%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86">泉州佛教博物馆</a>（<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E5%BC%98%E4%B8%80%E6%B3%95%E5%B8%88">弘一法师</a>纪念馆）、准提禅院；西翼有安养院、功德堂、水陆寺；大雄宝殿前拜亭的东、西两侧分置<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E9%95%87%E5%9B%BD%E5%A1%94/1589959" data-lemmaid="1589959">镇国塔</a>、<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E4%BB%81%E5%AF%BF%E5%A1%94">仁寿塔</a>两石塔，俗称<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E4%B8%9C%E8%A5%BF%E5%A1%94">东西塔</a>。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">拜庭两旁古榕参天，大雄宝殿雕塑技术高超，尤其是粱槽间的24尊飞天乐伎，在中国国内古建筑中罕见。殿前月台须弥座的72幅狮身人面青石浮雕，殿后廊的两根古婆罗门教青石柱，同为明代修殿时从已毁的元代古印度教寺移来。大殿内用近一百根海棠式巨型石柱支撑殿堂，俗称"百柱殿"，殿内供奉的五方佛像，法相庄严，是汉地少有的密宗轨制。大雄宝殿之后的甘露戒坛，系中国现存三大戒坛之一，坛之四周立柱斗拱和铺作间的24尊木雕飞天。 <sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="6" data-ctrmap=":6,">
[6]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[6]_5732809">&nbsp;</a>
</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="3" class="lemma-anchor para-title"></a>
<a name="sub5732809_3" class="lemma-anchor "></a>
<a name="主要建筑" class="lemma-anchor "></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">开元寺</span>主要建筑</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="3" href="javascript:;" style="display: block;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="anchor-list">
<a name="3_1" class="lemma-anchor para-title"></a>
<a name="sub5732809_3_1" class="lemma-anchor "></a>
<a name="天王殿" class="lemma-anchor "></a>
<a name="3-1" class="lemma-anchor "></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">开元寺</span>天王殿</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:220px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317" href="/pic/%E5%BC%80%E5%85%83%E5%AF%BA/2253283/0/eaf81a4c510fd9f9b47b870a212dd42a2834a461?fr=lemma&amp;ct=single" target="_blank" title="" style="width:220px;height:146px;">
<img class="" src="https://gss3.bdstatic.com/-Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=dbc84e5248086e066ea8384932097b5a/eaf81a4c510fd9f9b47b870a212dd42a2834a461.jpg" alt="" style="width:220px;height:146px;">
</a>
</div>开元寺的山门与天王殿合二为一，现存建筑建于民国十四年（1925年）。殿内石柱为梭柱，石柱上悬挂有一木制对联“此地古称佛国，满街都是圣人”。该对联是南宋大理学家朱熹所撰，近代高僧弘一法师所写。分坐在天王殿两旁的是按佛教密宗规制所配置的密迹金刚与梵王。它们怒目挺胸，状极威严，与一般寺庙所雕塑的<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E9%87%91%E5%88%9A">四大金刚</a>有较大差别，有人谑称它们为“哼哈二将”。<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="7" data-ctrmap=":7,">
[7]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[7]_5732809">&nbsp;</a>
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<a name="藏经阁" class="lemma-anchor "></a>
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">开元寺</span>藏经阁</h3>
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<img class="" src="https://gss3.bdstatic.com/-Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=3a99896d6309c93d03f209f5af3cf8bb/c995d143ad4bd113807e74515eafa40f4bfb0526.jpg" alt="" style="width:220px;height:152px;">
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</div><a target="_blank" href="/item/%E8%97%8F%E7%BB%8F%E9%98%81">藏经阁</a>原来是法堂，是元代至元二十二年（1285年），僧录刘鉴义建造的。元、明时期已经过多次重修，至民国十四年（1925年）圆瑛和尚改建为水泥仿木结构的二层楼阁。楼下为寺僧念经礼佛处，上层收藏各种版本经书3700多卷。<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="8" data-ctrmap=":8,">
[8]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[8]_5732809">&nbsp;</a>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">五代时的开闽王<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E7%8E%8B%E5%AE%A1%E7%9F%A5">王审知</a>身居王位，独霸闽疆，纯属机缘偶然，因此他当了闽王后，就与佛结缘，起大信心，立大誓愿，皈心受持，以求心理平衡。他先后舍钱百万缗造大殿等建筑，并搜集一万两黄金白银，研细为泥，请开元寺义英法师写了两部金银《大藏经》，现二楼还保存有残页。另外还有元朝如照法师刺血写成的《法华经》以及泰米尔文的贝叶经。它们是中国珍贵的佛学典籍。除此之外，藏经阁还保存有从盛唐至民国的历代文<a class="lemma-album layout-right nslog:10000206" title="泉州开元寺" href="/pic/%E5%BC%80%E5%85%83%E5%AF%BA/2253283/24964503/a5c27d1ed21b0ef4cbd25bf3d3c451da81cb3e61?fr=lemma&amp;ct=cover" target="_blank" style="width:222px;" nslog-type="10000206">
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<img class="picture" alt="泉州开元寺" src="https://gss0.bdstatic.com/94o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=0d53a0d39c58d109c0e3aeb0e159ccd0/a5c27d1ed21b0ef4cbd25bf3d3c451da81cb3e61.jpg" style="width:220px;height:146px;">
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泉州开元寺<span class="number">(30张)</span>
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物。其中各代玉、铜、<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E7%93%B7">瓷</a>、木质的大小佛像、菩萨、<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E7%BD%97%E6%B1%89">罗汉</a>、天王、神将等32尊。明代大书法家<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E5%BC%A0%E7%91%9E%E5%9B%BE">张瑞图</a>及现代高僧<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E5%BC%98%E4%B8%80%E6%B3%95%E5%B8%88">弘一法师</a>等名家的字迹和木板楹联也珍藏在这里。一楼大厅里还收藏有12口南宋以来的方钟，其中特别有价值的是清道光十七年（1837年），“鹿港郊公置”的铁钟，钟上铸有与泉州通商的鹿港郊46家商号的铭文，是研究台湾与泉州经济史的资料。</div><div class="anchor-list">
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">开元寺</span>大雄宝殿</h3>
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<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317" href="/pic/%E5%BC%80%E5%85%83%E5%AF%BA/2253283/0/10dfa9ec8a1363275e7d1c50958fa0ec09fac7c5?fr=lemma&amp;ct=single" target="_blank" title="" style="width:220px;height:146px;">
<img class="" src="https://gss0.bdstatic.com/-4o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=459ce106b719ebc4c478719bb227cf79/10dfa9ec8a1363275e7d1c50958fa0ec09fac7c5.jpg" alt="" style="width:220px;height:146px;">
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</div>大雄宝殿又称紫云大殿，是开元寺主体建筑，大雄宝殿始建于唐朝垂拱二年（686年），先后经过唐、南宋、元、明几次受灾与重建，现存建筑物是明代<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E5%B4%87%E7%A5%AF">崇祯</a>十年（1637年）遗物。大殿面阔九间，进深六间，建筑面积1338平方米，重檐<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E6%AD%87%E5%B1%B1%E9%A1%B6">歇山顶</a>，通高20米。前檐重檐下横匾书“桑莲法界”四字。殿内减柱造，共有86根大石柱，承托抬梁式木构架，号称“百柱殿”。殿内<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E6%96%97%E6%8B%B1">斗拱</a>共76朵，分布在周圈和前槽，其中明、次、梢间各有补间铺作两朵，尽间仅一朵。斗栱上雕有有“飞天乐伎”二十四尊，集佛教<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E5%A6%99%E9%9F%B3%E9%B8%9F">妙音鸟</a>、基督教<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%BF">天使</a>和中国<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E9%A3%9E%E5%A4%A9">飞天</a>造型于一身，雕刻精美。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">大殿正中供奉的是御赐佛像毗卢遮那佛，汉译大日如来，是佛教密宗的最高神抵。其两旁是五代<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E7%8E%8B%E5%AE%A1%E9%82%BD">王审邽</a>修大殿时增塑的四尊大佛，依次为东方香积世界阿閦佛，南方欢喜世界是<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E5%AE%9D%E7%94%9F%E4%BD%9B">宝生佛</a>，西方极乐世界<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E9%98%BF%E5%BC%A5%E9%99%80%E4%BD%9B">阿弥陀佛</a>，北方莲花世界成就佛，合称五方佛，也叫五智<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E5%A6%82%E6%9D%A5">如来</a>。这五尊大佛金光闪烁，衣纹清晰，神容慈祥，法相庄严，双手分别作说法、施与、接引、禅定等相，工艺精巧，令人叹绝。五方佛的胁侍有文殊、普贤、阿难、迦叶以及<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E8%A7%82%E9%9F%B3">观音</a>、势至、韦驮、<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E5%85%B3%E7%BE%BD">关羽</a>、梵王、帝释等诸天菩萨、护法神将共 10尊。在大殿后正中供奉着密宗六观音的首座<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E5%9C%A3%E8%A7%82%E9%9F%B3">圣观音</a>以及善才、<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E9%BE%99%E5%A5%B3">龙女</a>和两翼神态各异的<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB%E7%BD%97%E6%B1%89">十八罗汉</a>。<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="8" data-ctrmap=":8,">
[8]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[8]_5732809">&nbsp;</a>
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<img class="picture" alt="开元寺" src="https://gss2.bdstatic.com/9fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=9200ea302b9759ee4e5067c982fa434e/342ac65c103853436108091c9e13b07ecb8088cc.jpg" style="width:220px;height:137px;">
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开元寺<span class="number">(4张)</span>
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<a name="3_4" class="lemma-anchor para-title"></a>
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<a name="甘露戒坛" class="lemma-anchor "></a>
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">开元寺</span>甘露戒坛</h3>
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<div class="para" label-module="para"><div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:220px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317" href="/pic/%E5%BC%80%E5%85%83%E5%AF%BA/2253283/0/060828381f30e924943b425248086e061d95f732?fr=lemma&amp;ct=single" target="_blank" title="" style="width:220px;height:146px;">
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</div>大雄宝殿后面的甘露戒坛，建在中轴线的<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%8F%B0%E9%98%B6">第二台阶</a>上。甘露戒坛始建于宋，明末重建，重檐八角攒尖顶，四周环廊，占地645平方米。坛有五级，最高一层供奉明代<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E5%8D%A2%E8%88%8D%E9%82%A3%E4%BD%9B">卢舍那佛</a>坐像木雕。开元寺甘露戒坛与北京<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E6%88%92%E5%8F%B0%E5%AF%BA">戒台寺</a>、杭州<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E6%98%AD%E5%BA%86%E5%AF%BA">昭庆寺</a>并称中国三大戒檀。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">据说唐朝时候，此地常降甘露，一个叫行昭的和尚于是在这里挖了一口甘露井。北宋<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E5%A4%A9%E7%A6%A7">天禧</a>三年（1019年）在井上建坛，遂称甘露戒坛。南宋建炎二年（1108年）敦炤和尚认为戒坛不符合规范，又按《南山图经》改建为五级，其间高低宽窄都有严格的限制。后经元、明多次重修，现存建筑是清康熙五年（1666年）重建的四重檐八角攒尖式结构。坛顶正中藻井采用如意斗拱，藻井下分五级，交叠上收，如<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E8%9C%98%E8%9B%9B">蜘蛛</a>结网，似回纹织锦，结构复杂而精巧。坛之四周立柱斗拱和铺作间 24尊“飞天乐伎”，身系五彩飘带，手持琵琶、二弦、洞萧、响板，轻歌曼舞，翩翩若飞。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">坛台的最上层供奉明代的卢舍那佛木雕坐像，其所坐莲花台座有一千叶莲花瓣，每片莲叶上各刻一尊6厘米大小的佛像。卢舍那四周各层侍立着金刚钩、金刚索、金刚铃、金刚锁四菩萨，还有释迦牟尼、阿弥陀佛、寒山、拾得、千手观音的及韦驮天将等 24尊菩萨神像。其中尤以<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E5%85%AB%E5%A4%A7%E9%87%91%E5%88%9A">八大金刚</a>塑像为最佳。它们怒目结发，赤足袒胸，显得无比威严。环绕坛座的束腰处还有护三皈、护五戒的各种神王牌 64个。<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="8" data-ctrmap=":8,">
[8]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[8]_5732809">&nbsp;</a>
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">开元寺</span>东西二塔</h3>
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<div class="para" label-module="para"><div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:146px; float: right;">
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<img class="" src="https://gss1.bdstatic.com/9vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=a5427f7093dda144de096bb082b6d009/e1fe9925bc315c609d3db08c89b1cb134954772d.jpg" alt="东塔" style="width:146px;height:220px;">
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东塔
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</div>开元寺东西两侧各有一塔，与大雄宝殿成“品”字形布局，两塔均为仿木构八角五层楼阁式石塔。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><b>东塔</b></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">东为“镇国塔”，始建于唐<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E5%92%B8%E9%80%9A">咸通</a>六年（865年），由倡建者文偁禅师建成五层木塔，前后经过几次毁坏与重修，<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E6%98%93%E6%9C%A8">易木</a>为砖，南宋<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E5%AE%9D%E5%BA%86">宝庆</a>三年（1227年）改七级砖塔，今石塔为南宋<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E5%98%89%E7%86%99">嘉熙</a>二年（1238年）至<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E6%B7%B3%E4%BD%91">淳佑</a>十年（1250年）间重建，高48.24米。<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="9" data-ctrmap=":9,">
[9]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[9]_5732809">&nbsp;</a>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">东塔塔平面分回廊、外壁、塔内回廊和塔心八角柱四部 分。塔为框架式的结构。正中的塔心柱直贯于各层，是全塔的支撑。各层塔心柱上的八个转角处均架有<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E7%9F%B3%E6%A2%81">石梁</a>，搭连于 2米厚的塔壁和倚柱，顶柱的护斗出华拱层层托出，缩小石梁跨度。石梁与梁托如同斧凿，榫眼接合，使塔心与塔壁的应力连结相依形成一体，大大加强了塔身的牢固性。塔壁使用加工雕琢的<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E8%8A%B1%E5%B2%97%E5%B2%A9">花岗岩</a>，以纵横交错的方法叠砌，计算精确，筑工缜密。东塔于 1997年入选中国四大名塔邮票，可称得上：石塔之王。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><b>西塔</b><div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:146px; float: right;">
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<img class="" src="https://gss0.bdstatic.com/94o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=3b03716efcdcd100c99cff23428a47be/83025aafa40f4bfbfb294537074f78f0f63618d3.jpg" alt="西塔" style="width:146px;height:220px;">
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<span class="description">
西塔
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<div class="para" label-module="para">西为“仁寿塔”，始建于<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3">五代</a>梁<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E8%B4%9E%E6%98%8E">贞明</a>二年（916年），初为七级木塔，称“无量寿塔”。北<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E6%94%BF%E5%92%8C">政和</a>四年（1114年）奏请赐名“仁寿塔”，前后经毁坏与重修多次，易木为砖，至宋绍定元年至嘉熙元年（1228-- 1237年）由自证法师易砖为石，先于东塔十年建成。今石塔为南宋<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E7%BB%8D%E5%AE%9A">绍定</a>元年（1228年）至嘉熙元年（1237年）重建，高44.06米，略低于东塔，其规模与东塔几乎完全相同。<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="9" data-ctrmap=":9,">
[9]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[9]_5732809">&nbsp;</a>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">开元寺双塔是中国最高的一对石塔，经明万历年间泉州八级地震以及多次台风的考验，仍屹立不倒。双塔塔身浮雕精美。</div><div class="anchor-list">
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<a name="其他建筑" class="lemma-anchor "></a>
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">开元寺</span>其他建筑</h3>
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<div class="para" label-module="para"><a class="lemma-album layout-right nslog:10000206" title="泉州开元寺" href="/pic/%E5%BC%80%E5%85%83%E5%AF%BA/2253283/24964504/42a98226cffc1e1777a24f9c4490f603738de97b?fr=lemma&amp;ct=cover" target="_blank" style="width:222px;" nslog-type="10000206">
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<div class="description">
泉州开元寺<span class="number">(37张)</span>
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在开元寺中轴线的两边，还有一些建筑群：东有由迦蓝祠改建的檀樾祠 ，纪念施主黄守恭。黄氏五安（<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%89">南安</a>、<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E6%83%A0%E5%AE%89">惠安</a>、<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E5%90%8C%E5%AE%89">同安</a>、<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E5%AE%89%E6%BA%AA">安溪</a>、<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E8%AF%8F%E5%AE%89">诏安</a>）后裔及海外紫云家族无不以此为荣。有俗称“小开元寺”的准提禅林，原供奉天台宗的准提菩萨；西有尊胜院，现已开辟一部分为<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E5%BC%98%E4%B8%80%E6%B3%95%E5%B8%88%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E9%A6%86">弘一法师纪念馆</a>，有水陆禅寺，以供寺僧栖息。<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="2" data-ctrmap=":2,">
[2]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[2]_5732809">&nbsp;</a>
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<a name="4" class="lemma-anchor para-title"></a>
<a name="sub5732809_4" class="lemma-anchor "></a>
<a name="寺庙传说" class="lemma-anchor "></a>
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<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">开元寺</span>寺庙传说</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="4" href="javascript:;" style="display: block;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
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<div class="para" label-module="para"><div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:220px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317" href="/pic/%E5%BC%80%E5%85%83%E5%AF%BA/2253283/0/908fa0ec08fa513df1950ea13e6d55fbb2fbd996?fr=lemma&amp;ct=single" target="_blank" title="开元寺" style="width:220px;height:147px;">
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<span class="description">
开元寺
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</div><a target="_blank" href="/item/%E6%B3%89%E5%B7%9E%E5%BC%80%E5%85%83%E5%AF%BA">泉州开元寺</a>的檀樾主黄守恭，为轩辕<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E9%BB%84%E5%B8%9D">黄帝</a>子<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E6%9C%89%E7%86%8A%E6%B0%8F">有熊氏</a>之后。据《江夏<a target="_blank" href="/item/%E7%B4%AB%E4%BA%91">紫云</a>黄氏大成宗谱》记载，黄守恭为黄姓一世祖第一百一十二世子孙，生于贞观三年（629年），卒于先天元年（712年）。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">黄守恭为官泉州（另说，黄守恭家中种桑养蚕，为泉州最早的桑蚕业开拓者），成巨富，有地三百六十庄。有僧名匡护禅师，向黄守恭求地建寺，黄不给。匡护禅师遂朝来暮往，殷勤日久。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">黄守恭对匡护禅师说：“若欲吾地，待吾后园桑树开莲花。吾将舍地给你。”匡护禅师欢喜而去。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">第二天，匡护禅师又来，对黄守恭说，你后园的桑树开了莲花，请去欣赏。黄见花，颇不安，欲拂前言。僧飘然而去，并无踪迹。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">公即染病，三年不愈，桑树三年开花不绝。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">公（按：黄守恭）叹曰：此僧人非常人也。乃榜贴各街寻之。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">僧忽自至。公拜曰，前言已发，故所愿也，但未知地要几许？</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">僧曰，一袈裟影足矣。公许之。僧以袈裟抛至半天，三百六十庄地尽行遮荫，黄守恭献地造寺，于唐垂拱二年（686年）开始，先后建成莲花寺、兴教寺、龙兴寺（开元二十六年，738年，改名开元寺）。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">因其处常有紫云盖地（另说寺的大殿建成后，忽然天降“紫云盖地”，致使殿前大庭一千三百余年众草不能繁殖。大书“紫云”二字揭于山门。开元寺的土地是黄守恭献的，寺内建檀樾祠，专奉黄守恭的禄位，遵奉黄守恭及其子孙为檀樾主。<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="10" data-ctrmap=":10,">
[10]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[10]_5732809">&nbsp;</a>
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<a name="5" class="lemma-anchor para-title"></a>
<a name="sub5732809_5" class="lemma-anchor "></a>
<a name="旅游贴士" class="lemma-anchor "></a>
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<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">开元寺</span>旅游贴士</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="5" href="javascript:;" style="display: block;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
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<a name="5_1" class="lemma-anchor para-title"></a>
<a name="sub5732809_5_1" class="lemma-anchor "></a>
<a name="地址" class="lemma-anchor "></a>
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">开元寺</span>地址</h3>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">福建省泉州市鲤城区西街176号。<div class="lemma-map">
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<span class="desc">福建省泉州市鲤城区</span>
</div>
</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="5_2" class="lemma-anchor para-title"></a>
<a name="sub5732809_5_2" class="lemma-anchor "></a>
<a name="门票" class="lemma-anchor "></a>
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">开元寺</span>门票</h3>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">从2015年2月开始，泉州开元寺终于结束37年售票史，实行免票制。<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="4" data-ctrmap=":11,:4,">
[4]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[4]_5732809">&nbsp;</a>
<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="11" data-ctrmap=":11,:4,">
[11]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[11]_5732809">&nbsp;</a>
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<a name="5_3" class="lemma-anchor para-title"></a>
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">开元寺</span>公交</h3>
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<div class="para" label-module="para"><div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:220px; text-indent: 28px; cursor: move; float: right;">
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</a>
</div>【002路】丰泽客运站—城监支队—交警支队—华美公司—刺桐路口—浦西路口—交通局—新车站—海关大楼—公交车站—九一路口—第三巷口—东湖公园—东门—一院—南俊巷口—钟楼—影剧院—<b>开元寺</b>—<b>开元寺西门</b>—培元中学—西环城—西郊—锻湖村—西苑—镇政府—送客亭—北峰工业区</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">【006路】丰泽客运站—城监支队—宝洲商品市场—浦西村口—东南医院—宝洲路口—新车站—幸福街口—旧车站—新华友—海信站—关帝庙—涂门街头—新门街头—新门菜市—省五建—<b>开元寺</b>—培元中学—西湖小区—新华小区—建南花园—邮电公寓—坑尾路口—北峰工业区—森利发—糖厂—潘山市场—杏后路口—糖房中路—糖房—丰州</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">【014路】汽车西站—培元中学—<b>开元寺</b>—省五建—芳草园—新华桥—劳动力市场—新华南路尾—金山南区—土地后—天后宫—义全大厦—幸福街口—海关大楼—津坂路口—水利大厦—刺桐公园—东美小区—丰泽区政府—皮防院—千亿山庄—云鹿路—北师大附中</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">【601线】清源风景区—180医院—花园头—埔任路口—水上乐园—普明村—朝天门—汽车西站—培元中学—<b>开元寺</b>—省五建—芳草园—新华桥—劳动力市场—新华南路尾—金山南区—土地后—天后宫—义全大厦—幸福街口—中医院—华洲—东浦—展览城—鲤城区政府—游乐园—清濛—诺林商城—清濛科技园—商务中心—仙公山公园—二期—锦信—三兴集团—鸿绮集团—晋江二中 <sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="12" data-ctrmap=":12,">
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